As of 1 January 2026, Belgium will make the use of structured electronic invoicing mandatory for business-to-business (B2B) transactions. This...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have reached impressive levels of reasoning, generation, and generalization. Yet they share a structural constraint:...
Even the largest embedding models can hit a hard mathematical ceiling, not because of weak training or insufficient data, but because a single...
Generative models do not just predict labels. They produce language, and language can stereotype, exclude, or subtly shift tone depending on who a...
2023 was the Year of Discovery: the ChatGPT shock. 2024 was the Year of Experimentation: pilots and hype cycles. 2025 will be remembered as...
Chatbots are becoming an increasingly common part of daily life, assisting users across a variety of tasks. As interactions with these systems grow,...
This article doesn’t attempt to cover every topic in the AI universe or replicate a textbook. Instead, the goal is to give you a clear foundation...
In most machine learning projects, “error analysis” is treated as a descriptive exercise. We slice metrics by segment, look at confusion...
Modern enterprise AI systems rely on one foundational layer: embeddings.If embeddings fail to accurately represent meaning, especially in noisy,...
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